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RDP is a acromyn that stands for Remote Desktop Protocol.  RDP is a protocol designed for secure communications in networks using Microsoft Terminal Services.

Using RDP protocol, which governs keyboard, mouse and screen transfer, a client PC is turned into an input/output (I/O) terminal to the Windows server, which runs any and all applications that might normally be run on a desktop PC.  RDP provides encryption, bandwidth reduction, and resource sharing.  The bandwidth reduction feature optimizes the data transfer rate in low-speed connections.